Understating Brain Tumours
By: Dr. Rohit Bansil
When we hear the words “brain tumour,” it often brings a very grim image to mind. However, the reality is that many brain tumours can be successfully treated if diagnosed early.
There is still a lack of awareness among the public about the symptoms and available treatment options for brain tumours. This Brain Tumour Day gives us an opportunity to spread awareness and educate people about the advancements in treatment.
A brain tumour refers to any abnormal growth or mass in the brain. It can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumours do not spread and are usually curable, while malignant tumours can grow rapidly, spread to other parts, and may return even after treatment.
The location of the tumour plays a major role in determining the outcome of treatment. To know the exact nature of the tumour, doctors need to examine a sample of the tissue under a microscope, which is done through a biopsy. Often, the biopsy is performed along with the removal of the tumour in the same surgery. The approach to surgery can be open, minimally invasive, or endoscopic, depending on where the tumour is located in the brain.
In recent years, brain surgeries have become much safer and more precise due to technological advancements. Tools like neuronavigation, intraoperative nerve monitoring, high-resolution microscopes, and robotic assistance have improved outcomes significantly. Neuronavigation helps guide the surgeon in real-time during the operation, allowing for safer and more complete tumour removal. Intraoperative nerve monitoring helps prevent damage to important nerves during surgery, while microscopes offer a clearer view of delicate areas in the brain.
Brain tumours can present a range of symptoms such as early morning headaches, blurring of vision, vomiting that brings temporary relief from headache, changes in vision, hearing problems, difficulty walking, weakness on one side of the body, and seizures.
Early diagnosis using MRI and PET CT scans can significantly improve the chances of a successful outcome. Once the tumour is surgically removed, the next steps depend on the biopsy report. If the tumour is benign, no further treatment may be needed. However, if the tumour is malignant, the patient may require additional treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In some cases, repeat surgeries may also be necessary.
With the help of modern technology, brain tumour surgeries have become safer and more effective. Today, most patients recover well and are discharged within 4–5 days of surgery. The key to success lies in early detection and timely medical attention. On this Brain Tumour Day, let us focus on increasing awareness, encouraging early check-ups, and supporting complete and effective treatment for those affected.
(The author is an Associate Director – Neuro Surgery & Neuro Spine, BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi)
