Nanoplastics: The Hidden Hazard in Our Environment
Letter to the Editor
Dear Sir,
Nanoplastics are plastic particles between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer pose a growing threat to ecosystems and human health. Unlike microplastics, they are small enough to penetrate cells and cross barriers like the blood-brain barrier and placenta. They originate directly from products such as cosmetics or indirectly from the breakdown of larger plastics.
Two under-recognized sources are tire wear and laundry wastewater. Friction from tires releases airborne nanoplastics, while washing synthetic fabrics like polyester sheds nanofibers that often escape filters and contaminate waterways.
Humans are exposed via ingestion (e.g., seafood, bottled water), inhalation (urban air, indoor dust), and skin contact (cosmetics). Inside the body, nanoplastics can accumulate in organs and disrupt cellular functions, including mitochondrial energy production and protein folding.
Detecting nanoplastics is difficult, but technologies like Raman tweezers, AF4-MALS, and TD-PTR-MS are improving detection and analysis. These tools are vital for understanding exposure and long-term risks.Mitigation strategies include microfiber filters in washing machines, photocatalytic systems that break down plastics using sunlight, and bioremediation by plastic-degrading microbes.
Sustainable alternatives like chitin-based bioplastics and hemp composites offer safer, biodegradable options.In conclusion, nanoplastics represent a hidden yet serious environmental issue. Through innovation, eco-friendly materials, and sound policies, we can manage and reduce their presence—safeguarding the planet and public health
Dr. Vijay Kumar H K, Raichur
