The Universe is constantly expanding
Vijay Garg
In this era of advanced technology, research and discovery about the earth and the universe has been going on for many decades. Despite this, scientists say that there is much that remains to be discovered.
Meanwhile, scientists know a lot about their world, but now they have gradually become convinced of a world which is completely opposite to our world. About fourteen billion years ago there was no universe, only darkness.
Suddenly a point arose. Then that point started rolling in. This explosion started inside the point itself. Then due to the mutual collision of protons inside, immense energy was created. The explosion turned into a big blast. The universe continued to be created from these great explosions.
Even today, great explosions keep happening in the universe. In this way the universe is continuously expanding. This is the Big Bang theory. The universe is constantly expanding and the speed of its expansion is accelerating. All the planets and stars and galaxies are moving away from each other.
This mystery has been unsolved for the last two decades as to what is it that has led to this expansion. It continues and its pace is accelerating. Scientists are trying to understand the speed of this expansion in a number of ways, which can help them find answers to many unresolved questions such as the age, structure and expansion of the universe.
Astronomers at the University of Chicago have suggested a new method for understanding the evolution of the universe called spectral sirens, in which they can understand the ancient universe through the collision of black holes. It is said about the black hole that it is a place where information also disappears, yet scientists have found many through these indirect methods, it has been successful in extracting such information, which can be known about the history of the universe.
In a new study, two astronomers have developed a method by which pairs of colliding black holes can be used to measure the speed of the expansion of the universe. This will allow us to know from where our universe evolved, from what it was formed and where it is going.
What is the rate of expansion of the universe, this remains the biggest question and the subject of debate. It is defined as the Hubble constant is calculated, but different methods are used for its calculation, resulting in different quantities. Scientists are also looking for alternative ways to resolve this dispute. The accuracy of this number can answer questions about the age of the universe, its history and structures.
The new study proposes a new method of this calculation, in which the celestial vibrations produced by the collision of black holes can be measured by special detectors. When two black holes collide everywhere in the universe, a vibration spreads in the ‘Akasha-Kaal’.
On Earth, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory in the US and the Vargo Observatory in Italy can capture these vibrations, which are called gravitational waves. Over the years, LEGO and Vargo have collected data on collisions of about ten black hole pairs.
The information about the mass of the black hole is hidden in these waves. But due to the expansion of the universe, the properties of these waves change along the way. If scientists can measure the change in these waves they can also find out the rate of expansion of the universe.
Yet there is a problem here as to how to know how much the signal has changed originally. In the new paper, Jose María Izquiaga and Daniel Holz suggest that they can base new information on the entire population of black holes and compare them to future changes to determine the rate of expansion of the universe.
This method will reveal the age of the universe when the so-called ‘dark matter’ started dominating the universe. Scientists have a special interest in the study of time. As more information is obtained from the black hole, the accuracy of this method will also increase.
For this we need thousands of signals, which may take a couple of decades, and by then this method will become a very powerful tool for learning about the universe. In addition to black holes, rapid research is also going on dark matter and anti-matter.
But they still remain mysterious. Whatever is visible is matter. Matter means matter. Antimatter is believed to be visible. Scientists are still engaged in the discovery of what dark matter is. It is believed that ninety-five percent of space is made up of dark matter and dark energy.
Dark matter acts as an attractive force, a kind of cosmic mortar, that holds our world together. This is because dark matter interacts with gravity, yet does not reflect, absorb or emit light. Dark energy is a repulsive force, a type of anti-gravity, which slows down the expansion of the universe.
It is estimated that about twenty-three percent is dark matter. Antimatter has no power at all, but dark matter is everywhere. According to scientists, dark matter and dark energy are the only link, which has tied this entire universe in an orderly manner. Dark matter is made up of substances that neither emit, absorb, or reflect light.
For this reason it has not been possible to see it yet. Scientists discovered dark matter. But they could never gather correct information about it. It turned out that all the galaxy’s planets, stars and constellations are stable due to the binding force of gravity. But on calculation it was found that the gravitational force is not enough to hold the galaxy. Meaning there is some other unknown thing, which is holding them.
Otherwise, the gravitational force would have weakened by now and all the planets, constellations, stars would have deviated from their orbits. This thinking gave strength to the concept of dark matter.
In this era of advanced technology, research and discovery about the earth and the universe has been going on for many decades. Despite this, scientists say that there is much that remains to be discovered.
Meanwhile, scientists know a lot about their world, but now they have gradually become convinced of a world which is completely opposite to our world. This theory is explained in detail in the journal ‘Annals of Physics’.
Researchers also say that in this world the neutrons would be moving from the right side. To prove the point of this world, scientists are testing mass neutrons. If they succeed in this project, then it will be proved to be a thing of the other world. Scientists also do not rule out the possibility that like our world, there is a world where the wheel of time moves in reverse.
(The author is an Educational Columnist)
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